Linux Ubuntu Command Cheat Sheet Part I

Here is some usefull command list for your linux Ubuntu, to run this command you can start in terminal windows
In Gnome (Ubuntu)
The terminal can be found at Applications menu -> Accessories -> Terminal.

In Xfce (Xubuntu)
The terminal can be found at Applications menu -> System -> Terminal.

In KDE (Kubuntu)
The terminal can be found at KMenu -> System -> Terminal Program (Konsole).
here is that cheat :


Ubuntu Reference Privileges
sudo command –> run command as root
sudo -s -> open a root shell
sudo -s -u user –> open a shell as user
sudo -k –> forget sudo passwords
gksudo command –> visual sudo dialog (GNOME)
kdesudo command –> visual sudo dialog (KDE)
sudo visudo –> edit /etc/sudoers
gksudo nautilus –> root file manager (GNOME)
kdesudo konqueror –> root file manager (KDE)
passwd –> change your password

Display
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart –> restart X and return to login (GNOME)
sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart –> restart X and return to login (KDE)
(file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf –> display configuration
sudo dexconf –> reset xorg.conf configuration
Ctrl+Alt+Bksp –> restart X display if frozen
Ctrl+Alt+FN –> switch to tty N
Ctrl+Alt+F7 –> switch back to X display

System Services ( Prefix commands with sudo to run )
start service –> start job service (Upstart)
stop service –> stop job service (Upstart)
status service –> check if service is running (Upstart)
/etc/init.d/service start –> start service (SysV)
/etc/init.d/service stop –> stop service (SysV)
/etc/init.d/service status –> check service (SysV)
/etc/init.d/service restart –> restart service (SysV)
runlevel –> get current runlevel

Package Management ( Prefix commands with sudo to run )
apt-get update –> refresh available updates
apt-get upgrade –> upgrade all packages
apt-get dist-upgrade –> upgrade with package replacements; upgrade Ubuntu version
apt-get install pkg –> install pkg
apt-get purge pkg –> uninstall pkg
apt-get autoremove –> remove obsolete packages
apt-get -f install –> try to fix broken packages
dpkg --configure -a –> try to fix broken packages
dpkg -i pkg.deb –> install file pkg.deb
(file) /etc/apt/sources.list –> APT repository list

* Prefix commands with sudo to run thats mean most of the following commands will need to be prefaced with the sudo command if you will be working with directories or files not owned by your account. This is a special command which temporarily gives you access to change computer settings. The terminal will ask you for your password

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